morpheus 发表于 2022-8-4 14:13:50

童骋 | 牛郎织女鹊桥会

<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 170px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;padding: 0px;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;margin: 0px 0px 10px -40px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;color: rgb(241, 205, 96);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《七绝·乞巧》</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></strong></p></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: right;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(241, 205, 96);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">唐•林杰</p></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="background-color: rgb(241, 205, 96);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 17px;text-align: justify;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">七夕今宵看碧霄,牵牛织女渡河桥。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">家家乞巧望秋月,穿尽红丝几万条。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="background-color: rgb(241, 205, 96);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 农历七月初七,七夕节,又名乞巧节、女儿节等。鹊桥、牛郎织女的神奇传说激动了多少青年人的情思,银河难隔真爱;乞巧、对月穿针的美好寄托牵动了多少女孩儿的梦想,勤奋定能手巧。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 七夕夜晚,弦月高悬,秋风初起;长者指点,遥望银河,寻找牵牛与织女,儿时的浪漫,至今尚未忘怀。</p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 对于七夕、牛郎织女的爱情,历代文人墨客留下不少华章,“鹊桥仙”成为知名词牌。民俗钱币对此亦有描述,本文拟对此予以赏析。</p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;padding: 10px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);margin: 0px -7px 0px 0px;z-index: auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;">图1 无文钱,光背。穿左右是一对男女,隔穿互相作揖致礼;穿上下是花卉。(图片源于华夏古泉网,诚致谢意!)</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 这枚民俗钱,始铸于唐代。宋代泉学家洪遵在《泉志•卷之十五•厌胜品》中称之为“七夕钱”,表明钱面的一对男女为牛郎(穿右)织女(穿左),俩人相敬如宾;穿上花卉为牡丹,穿下花卉为莲花,表示俩人生活幸福美满,情爱连绵。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 牛郎织女的故事,为我国民间四大爱情故事(《梁祝》、《孟姜女》、《白蛇传》、《牛郎织女》)之一。说的是一贫如洗的牛郎,孤身一人,勤恳踏实,每天天刚亮就下地耕田,艰辛度日。不料有一天,织女来帮他洗衣烧饭,操持家务,并与他结为夫妇,男耕女织,生儿育女,生活美满。数年后的一天,天空乌云密布,狂风大作,雷电交加,原来织女是王母娘娘的外孙女,私自下凡帮助牛郎,被发现后,天庭震怒,召其回天;她泪别牛郎后,腾云而去。牛郎在老牛的帮助下,担上一儿一女追了过去。谁知王母决不同意他们的婚事,眼看牛郎要追上织女的时候,用自己头上的金簪一划,在他俩中间划出了一道宽宽的银河。自此,他俩隔河相望。只有到了七月初七,会有成千上万只喜鹊飞来,在银河上架起一座长长的鹊桥,让牛郎织女一家再次团聚。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 有专家考证,牛郎织女的故事可能发生在西周时期,与人们当时观察织女星与牛郎星(牵牛)在天空中的运行相关联,至汉朝时故事架构、神话传说基本完备。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;">图2 天文钱。星象图/月星(图片源于首席收藏网,诚致谢意!)</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 该星象图,中间以“天河”为分界,标出了“东(東)、西、南、北”四方位(左东上南右西下北);东南方(天河上方)纹饰、文字分别为:日纹、“日出、朝见”文字、“启(啓)明、牵牛、织(織)女”文字及星座纹;西北方(天河下方)纹饰、文字分别为:日纹、“日入、夕见”文字、“长庚、斗柄、箕”文字及星座纹;在天河内注有“毕(畢)、天汉(漢)”字样及毕星宿。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 天汉,即银河,又称之为银汉、天河等。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;日出即太阳出来了,是一天中的第四个时辰,为上午的5--7时,即卯时。日入即太阳落山了,是一天中的第十个时辰,为下午的5--7时,即酉时。朝见、夕见,则分别表示日出后、日落后的一段时间,朝阳东升、夕阳西下可见。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 在该星象图中,最为突出的是北斗七星,标注“斗柄”。北斗七星,是道教崇奉的七位星神,成为司命主寿的七位星君。季节不同,北斗七星在前半夜夜空中的位置也不尽相同。因此斗杓东指,天下皆春;斗杓南指,天下皆夏;斗杓西指,天下皆秋;斗杓北指,天下皆冬。(《鹖冠子》)斗杓即斗柄。该星象图中,斗柄由南指西表明进入秋天,亦即七月初。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;启明、长庚,均为金星。日出前后,东方地平线上有时会看到一颗特别明亮的晨星,称之为启明星;黄昏时分,西方余辉中,有时会出现一颗非常明亮的昏星,称之为长庚星。金星,是太阳系的八大行星之一,民间称之为太白或太白金星。在道教神话体系中,太白金星是玉帝的信使;曾下凡为李太白。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 箕、毕,皆为二十八宿之一。箕宿,东方青龙第七宿;毕宿,西方白虎第五宿。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 该星象图中最引人注目的是“牵牛、织女” 二星,牵牛,牵牛星,即牛郎星;织女,织女星。斗柄已经告诉我们,该星象图是七月初的星象图。此时,织女正东向,升上一年中的最高点,黄昏时即清晰可见;其旁两颗较暗的星星位置,正好形成一个朝东方开口的样子,恰如朝东方望去,正好可见牛郎星;好像织女对牛郎及子女深情回眸、念念不舍一样。随着时间运转,织女星正好往西滑落,而牛郎星则升上天顶,好像牛郎拖儿带女在追赶织女一般。这便是牛郎织女的神话传说在天空由两星演绎而成。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一幅星象图,形象地展示了七月初七的星空,展示了牛郎织女鹊桥相会的高光时刻(牛郎织女都在天河的同一侧),寓意深远。&nbsp;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 七月初七,我们看到的月亮是上弦月。然而在有关鹊桥会的图片中,月亮都是满月(圆形的),这是因为鹊桥会在银河,天上看月亮总是圆的,而且其中还有人们借圆月来祝贺牛郎织女团圆的美化意愿。&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;">图3 无文钱。中秋拜月/婴嬉图(图片源于网络,诚致谢意!)</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 该图正面描写了中秋圆月升起时,彩云相拱,银光洒满大地;庭院中,香几端放,香几上燃香,青烟升腾,奔月而去;地面上,鲜花盛开;一妇人面朝香几,屈膝拜月。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 个人愚见,该图表现的是中秋拜月,不是乞巧拜月。因为乞巧拜月时,月亮不是圆月;乞巧拜月的主要仪式是妇女以五色细线对月迎风穿针,祈求心灵手巧。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section><section style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 图1展示了牛郎织女的人物形象,图2展示了牛郎织女星座的情况、寓意牛郎织女团圆于鹊桥会,两图珠联璧合,共叙一个主题。牛郎织女鹊桥会,歌颂的是已婚男女不离不弃、白头偕老的真爱,弘扬的是真正的中国传统美德。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;flex: 0 0 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 170px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;padding: 0px;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;margin: 0px 0px 10px -40px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;color: rgb(241, 205, 96);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《鹊桥仙·纤云弄巧》</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></strong></span></p></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: right;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(241, 205, 96);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宋·秦观</p></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="background-color: rgb(241, 205, 96);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 17px;text-align: justify;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">纤云弄巧,飞星传恨,</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">银汉迢迢暗度。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">金风玉露一相逢,</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">便胜却、人间无数。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">柔情似水,佳期如梦,</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">忍顾鹊桥归路。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">两情若是久长时,</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">又岂在、朝朝暮暮。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="background-color: rgb(241, 205, 96);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><p><strong>编辑:吴勇胜<br/></strong></p><p><strong>总编辑:陆碧波</strong></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.xinsubei.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_jDQ" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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