孟子都被你们吵醒了……
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">最近,孟子火了。许多网友为了“考证”他的名句到底是还是“故天将降大任于斯人也”,吵翻了。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin-right: 32px; margin-left: 32px; line-height: 1.75em;"></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">这书挺权威的。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">缘起是知乎上某位网友发文《出大事了,我们这个时空的时间线似乎被人动了》,他说,《孟子》中的名篇《生于忧患,死于安乐》,在中学课本存在几十年了,所有上过中学的人应该都背过,其中有一句“故天将降大任于斯人也”,自己记忆非常清晰,因为当时课上还联想到“李斯”是不是就是这个“斯人”?直到有一天他看到有人说,课本上,甚至是古文里,从来没出现过“于斯人也”这几个字,他就有点蒙了。“难道我记错了?”网友查找了人教版教材1992版本、2001版本和2016版本,全部都是“是人”。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">好多网友也各种跟进,无比认真地考证。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">认真是美德。世界上怕就怕“认真”二字,xxx最讲“认真”。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">至于普通网民,认真关心教科书,甚至关心压根不存在的问题,这种“认真”就毫无意义。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">不是不能关心,以前吃饱了没事干的时候,经常梦回中学课堂或者考场。我基本没梦回语文与历史考场,因为没压力,主要是数学。当时数学不好,主要原因是读书偏早而发育偏晚,理解能力跟不上,现在让我去学,估计压力不大,但是——毫无意义。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">现在情况不同,几年疫情下来,大多数人旱死,吃了上顿没下顿,极少数人涝死,盆满钵满。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">不过我估计那些关心中学语文教科书的,不在这两者之列。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">毕竟,教科书是过去的事情,大部分的知识,无论对错有用或无益,都已经还给老师了。从事专业工作的,也是极少数。所以说,犯不着。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">其次,这算问题吗?</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">人民教育出版社中学语文编辑部说,该出版社从1961年收录孟子的《生于忧患,死于安乐》课文以来,历套教材文章一直是“故天将降大任于是人也”,从未有过“故天将降大任于斯人也”。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin-right: 32px; margin-left: 32px; line-height: 1.75em;"></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">有网友进行查证,人教社历史上的这篇课文自1961年开始,包括1982年、1994年、2006年等各版本均作“天将降大任于是人也”;</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">四库全书刻本《孟子集注》(宋·朱熹 注),明代刻本《孟子注疏解经》(汉·赵岐 注)均为“是人”。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"></span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin-right: 32px; margin-left: 32px; line-height: 1.75em;"></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">中华书局版的朱熹《四书章句集注》与杨伯峻先生的《孟子译注》里,也都作“是”。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">不过“斯”和“是”两个字,都表示“这”的意思。至于“斯人”,也屡屡出现。《论语·雍也》里,孔子看望生病的伯牛,拉着他的手说“斯人也而有斯疾也”,意思说这样的好人却得了这样的病。《岳阳楼记》里,范仲淹先生说“微斯人,吾谁与归?”意思时说没有这样的人,我和谁同道呢?</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin-right: 32px; margin-left: 32px; line-height: 1.75em;"></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">类似的问题,还有“国是”与“国事”的区别。我也替大家回答一下:一是意思不同。“国事”指对国家有重大影响的事情,国家大事;而“国是”则专指国家决策、规划等重大事项。二是对象不同。“国是”一般是指中央高层;而“国事”则适用更多人群。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">所以光绪颁发的是《明定国是诏》,新闻联播上提的多的也是“商谈国是”。至于民国茶馆里挂的招牌是“莫谈国事”,小心吃官司,否定的用途更多。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin-right: 32px; margin-left: 32px; line-height: 1.75em;"></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">对于为何一些网友出现“斯人”的群体记忆,人教社工作人员表示,不清楚。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">我个人认为,这不是学术问题,这是社会心理问题。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">大家都知道,孟子也好,李白杜甫也好,北宋背诵天团也好,他们的文字是超美的,但也让许多人活得脱离现实,比如这句“故天降大任于是人也”,比如“天生我材必有用,千金散去还复来”,比如“雄姿英发,羽扇纶巾”……</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">是不是喉咙发痒又想背诵了?打住。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">老师让你背、试卷让你填,你特么就卡壳。现在不要你背一个个的魂穿回课堂了。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 24px;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">你给我省省吧!</span></strong></span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">现在什么词最熟?</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">肯定是骆宾王的曲项向天歌,看看核酸摊前没有人,抵挡不了诱惑,去被捅几下,然后回家看看冰箱和储物间,还有多少存货?</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; text-align: center; white-space: normal; margin-right: 32px; margin-left: 32px; line-height: 1.75em;"></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊!<br/></span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">天降大任于谁不重要,你负责的,不是貌美如花,是“苦心志,劳筋骨,饿体肤,空乏身,行拂乱所为,所以动心忍性,曾益所不能”。</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);">没一句错的,只不过有分工罢了。</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 1px;text-align: center;"></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;white-space: normal;margin-right: 32px;margin-left: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">(完)</span></strong></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: medium;text-align: start;white-space: normal;"><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;text-align: justify;"/></p><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: center; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; text-indent: 60px;">—END—</span></section><p></p><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.54px; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(211, 0, 0); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0.54px; text-align: left; font-size: 14px;">本文作者:刘根勤</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 0px 0em; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: normal; 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padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">刘根勤,江苏兴化人,资深媒体人、文史学者、作家。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p><br/></p><p><strong>编辑:吴勇胜<br/></strong></p><p><strong>总编辑:陆碧波</strong></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//xinsubei.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_HvB" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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