童骋 | 爱酒不愧天 伴饮显豪情
<section style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 酒，小酌、豪饮皆可；</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 微醺、酣畅、酩酊亦行。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 酒是粮中精，越喝越年轻。<span style="background-color: transparent;caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND);letter-spacing: 0.034em;">酒，就也。所以就人性之善恶。--《说文》</span><span style="background-color: transparent;letter-spacing: 0.034em;caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND);">酒曰清酌。--《礼记·曲礼》</span><span style="background-color: transparent;caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND);letter-spacing: 0.034em;">酒食者，所以令欢也。--《礼记·乐记》</span><span style="background-color: transparent;caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND);letter-spacing: 0.034em;">酒者所以养老也，所以养病也。--《礼记·射义》</span><span style="background-color: transparent;caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND);letter-spacing: 0.034em;">酒，百乐之长。又，酒者，天下之美禄。--《汉书·食货志》</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: transparent;caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND);letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 何以解忧，唯有杜康。--《短歌行》<span style="background-color: transparent;caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND);letter-spacing: 0.034em;">今日痛饮庆功酒，壮志未酬誓不休。--《智取威虎山》</span><span style="background-color: transparent;caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND);letter-spacing: 0.034em;">临行喝妈一碗酒，浑身是胆雄赳赳。--《红灯记》</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 可见，喜怒哀乐愁，都有酒为伴。古往今来，多少英雄豪杰、多少仁人志士、多少风流才子、多少无名过客，都对酒当歌，笑对人生，留下了多少酒的佳话传说。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 想当年，酒仙李白在《月下独酌》时，深感孤独，于是“举杯邀明月，对影成三人。”从心里组成了月光下与我外之我的影子及月亮一同畅饮的情景，构思奇特、想象浪漫，自斟自饮、对月抒怀，期望友人伴饮。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 俗说：一人不喝酒，二人不赌钱。表明，喝酒是需要伴饮的。所谓伴饮，就是陪伴别人（或者请别人陪自己）一起饮酒。在选仙钱中，常见与“伴饮”有关的酒牌（选仙钱），这也许是宋代的酒文化项目之一。本文拟赏析与伴饮有关的部分选仙钱。</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 12px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;width: 43%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30px;margin-top: 0.5px;background-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8064516" data-w="31" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto !important;" width="100%" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/0AbW4p4mibG92Cl6ccibGj1D1KrLkNc7cIFmR0EYfxCx2EMOMAEYRoOicibNcPJcRkSRV0FViaE8OJd2KhWTsiciaoa3A/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 43%;margin-top: 12px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 在过去的行酒令游戏及聚会饮酒中，饮酒的方式大致为：自饮（酌）、伴饮、劝饮、处（罚）饮、放（皆不饮）饮、指（指定人）饮、共饮 等七种。可谓想方设法调动每个人饮酒的积极性、增加饮酒的娱乐性、烘托饮酒的兴奋度，以期皆喝得兴起“不醉不归”。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 早在唐代，行酒令中就有“请人伴十分”的酒筹；得此酒筹者，必须请人伴饮，并且与自己一样，也是满满一杯；可见，伴饮是行酒令中常见的喝酒助兴方式之一。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 伴饮，不是什么人都可以承担的，必须是酒量大、酒品好的人才能胜任。在选仙游戏中，唯有酒仙（醉仙）堪当此任。在实际游戏中，如果是不胜酒力的人得到此牌，必然是暗自叫苦不迭的。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图1 选仙钱 酒仙 伴双成饮（图片源于网络，诚致谢意！）</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 余庆阁（餘慶閣）选仙钱牌，独树一帜，自成体系，较为珍贵。目前可见图的有王母、双成、曼倩、诗仙、酒仙（伴双成饮）、棋仙、琴仙、龟鹤仙等。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 在余庆阁选仙钱牌中，酒仙是重任在肩，伴双成饮。也就是当双成被判需饮酒时，酒仙必须伴饮。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 该钱牌的五言诗与醉仙钱牌的五言诗是一样的，见图2。从一个侧面说明酒仙、醉仙是指同一个仙人。</p></section><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;padding: 10px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);margin: 0px -7px 0px 0px;z-index: auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图2 选仙钱 醉仙（图片源于网络，诚致谢意！）</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 背面五言诗为：中山徒命侣，河朔谩飞觞，直把千钟酒，今宵醉一场。</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 12px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;width: 43%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30px;margin-top: 0.5px;background-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8064516" data-w="31" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto !important;" width="100%" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/0AbW4p4mibG92Cl6ccibGj1D1KrLkNc7cIFmR0EYfxCx2EMOMAEYRoOicibNcPJcRkSRV0FViaE8OJd2KhWTsiciaoa3A/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 43%;margin-top: 12px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> 正因为酒仙、醉仙是指同一个仙人，所以酒仙要伴饮，醉仙也应该伴饮。而且两者还有点不同，酒仙只伴双成饮，醉仙就是伴饮，不分对象。</p><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;padding: 10px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);margin: 0px -7px 0px 0px;z-index: auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us">图3 选仙钱 醉仙伴饮（单人。图片源于华夏古泉网，诚致谢意！）</p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us">图4 选仙钱 醉仙伴饮（双人。图片源于古泉园地，诚致谢意！）</p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 这两枚醉仙伴饮选仙钱，形制、纹饰等有所不同，个性鲜明。背面的五言诗相同，为：笑傲诗千首，沉酣酒百杯，若无诗酒敌，除是摘仙才。展现了李白的诗酒情怀。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 图4纹饰为两人，分别是醉仙（穿右者）与曼倩（穿左者）。一是因为李白与东方朔均是谪仙，英雄相惜；二是因为东方朔偷桃成功以后，便与醉仙分享共酩，而醉仙并未将此事报告给王母（可能是酩酊大醉后断片了），导致双成被处理，故王母罚他伴饮。因此在选仙游戏中，不论是谁被罚饮酒，醉仙都要作陪伴饮。</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 12px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;width: 43%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30px;margin-top: 0.5px;background-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8064516" data-w="31" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto !important;" width="100%" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/0AbW4p4mibG92Cl6ccibGj1D1KrLkNc7cIFmR0EYfxCx2EMOMAEYRoOicibNcPJcRkSRV0FViaE8OJd2KhWTsiciaoa3A/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 43%;margin-top: 12px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> 伴饮，要饮多少？选仙游戏中也是有要求的。</p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图5 选仙钱 五分伴饮（图片源于乐艺会，诚致谢意！）</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 由于该枚民俗钱的背面文字为五言诗，诗文与醉仙伴饮背面的诗文一样，故认为其亦是选仙钱，且是醉仙伴饮系列版别之一。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 在过去，酒令中的饮酒量分五分（半杯）、七分（大半杯）、十分（一杯）、四十分（四杯）和随意饮五种。由此可知，得图5选仙钱的醉仙伴饮，伴饮只要饮半杯即可。选仙钱中还有“十分曼倩”，表明得此牌者曼倩，被捉到后罚酒一杯。</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 12px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;width: 43%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30px;margin-top: 0.5px;background-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8064516" data-w="31" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto !important;" width="100%" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/0AbW4p4mibG92Cl6ccibGj1D1KrLkNc7cIFmR0EYfxCx2EMOMAEYRoOicibNcPJcRkSRV0FViaE8OJd2KhWTsiciaoa3A/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 43%;margin-top: 12px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 谪仙李白在人间颇感孤独，常常《月下独酌》，但得酒中趣，勿为醒者传。且须饮美酒，乘月醉高台。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 自古以来，好酒者席地幕天，善饮者爱不愧天，伴饮者豪气冲天，为的是“今宵醉一场”。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 饮酒者，能做到“不为酒困《论语·子罕》”，不为酒迷，不为酒鬼，方是真好酒。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><section style="text-align: center;"><p style="display: inline-block;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;"><br/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><p style="display: inline-block; text-align: left;"><br/></p></section></section></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="10000"></mp-style-type></p><p><strong>编辑：吴勇胜<br/></strong></p><p><strong>总编辑：陆碧波</strong></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//xinsubei.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_aJi" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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