morpheus 发表于 2023-2-17 11:19:11

征夫|“五朝元老”——研读明朝内阁次辅高谷大学士

<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: center;"><br/></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="38676" style="margin-bottom: unset;"><section style="margin:10px 0px;"><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 250, 244);padding: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: space-between;align-items:flex-start;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items:flex-start;"><section><section style="width: 10px;height: 8px;border-color: rgb(106, 63, 9);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(254, 251, 243);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section><section style="margin-left: 2px;width: 8px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(106, 63, 9);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(106, 63, 9);background-color: rgb(254, 251, 243);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(106, 63, 9);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(106, 63, 9);background-color: rgb(254, 251, 243);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items:flex-start;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(106, 63, 9);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(106, 63, 9);background-color: rgb(254, 251, 243);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section><section><section style="width: 10px;height: 8px;border-color: rgb(106, 63, 9);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(254, 251, 243);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(106, 63, 9);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(106, 63, 9);background-color: rgb(254, 251, 243);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -16px;margin-left: 2px;margin-right: 2px;border-color: rgb(106, 63, 9);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 20px 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color:#323232;letter-spacing:2px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.75em;text-align:left;text-align: justify;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-ms-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);"><br/></section><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: center;"><span style="text-shadow: #fffed5 2px 2px 10px;"><strong><span style="color: #0b0b0b;font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;font-size: 22px;">“五朝元老”</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="color: rgb(11, 11, 11);font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;font-size: 16px;">——研读明朝内阁次辅高谷大学士</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: center;margin-top: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">征夫</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷乃明朝政治家、诗文家,系兴化“明朝三相”之一,四牌楼上有“五朝元老”匾额以纪之。他的一生,值得后人研读品鉴。</span></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="28897"><section data-align="title" style="margin: 10px 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="background-color: rgb(243, 241, 232);border-radius: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex;align-items:flex-end;"><section style="width:3.4em;"></section><section style="margin-left:-20px;margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:6px;margin-right:33px;color:#222222;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-ms-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);"><p style="letter-spacing: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 250, 244);color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">身世之稽考</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷(1391~1460年),亦名高穀,字世用(经世致用之才),号育斋(育于书斋之才),又号桧轩老翁。高谷1391年生于兴化城中县桥南街(咸丰《重修兴化县志》),今重建于兴化市儒学广场内;他于1460年70岁卒,并与诰封一品夫人郭妙宁合葬于兴化城北平望(平旺)铺河东(今兴东镇沙家村)。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷先世祖籍河南怀庆(今沁阳市);南宋时高祖高彬随宋高宗南渡,侨居江淮间;曾徙居扬州,卜居泰州丁溪场(今东台丁溪镇),高祖高彬及曾祖高明皆“葬于丁溪之原”;元末祖父高椿举家迁居苏州,不受张士诚礼聘为官,闭门读书,设塾授徒;明洪武初高椿率全家定居扬州府兴化县,并世代业儒;高谷父高焯为儒生塾师,生活终老于兴化,“葬于西郊,城堡先茔之侧”(《高焯墓志铭》),高椿及高焯均葬于兴化西郊城堡庄。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  兴化乃高谷的衣胞之地,高谷始终以兴化籍参加科举考试和入仕为官,《明史•高谷传》记载“高谷,扬州兴化人”,扬州及兴化地方志都有记述留存,他自然是地地道道的兴化人,而不是坊间讹传的泰州人、东台人或大丰人。</span></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="28897"><section data-align="title" style="margin: 10px 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="background-color: rgb(243, 241, 232);border-radius: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex;align-items:flex-end;"><section style="width:3.4em;"></section><section style="margin-left:-20px;margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:6px;margin-right:33px;color:#222222;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-ms-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);"><p style="letter-spacing: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 250, 244);color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">科举之顺畅</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b0b0b;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 18px;">  高谷家族书香门第,名门望族。祖父及父亲均设馆授教,培育后代;大伯高迪洪武十七年中举人,次年赐进士,后任东昌县主薄;二叔高烜举明经,荐辟为工部主事。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷自幼聪慧,承家训嗜读不倦,且资质厚重,举止端庄。他6岁起即在塾馆启蒙读书,博闻强识,融会贯通,食古而化,进步神速,学业顺畅。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  他10岁作为庠生入兴化县学,勤学苦读,孜孜不倦,有意接触并感知范仲淹“先忧后乐”之思想。他于建文二年(1400)10岁就考中秀才,比后来12岁中秀才的张居正还小两岁,成为明朝年龄最小的神童秀才;永乐三年(1405)15岁高中举人,比16岁中举人的张居正还小1岁,成为明朝最年轻的举人;永乐十三年(1415)25岁登科进士,蟾宫折桂,名闻故里。</span></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="28897"><section data-align="title" style="margin: 10px 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="background-color: rgb(243, 241, 232);border-radius: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex;align-items:flex-end;"><section style="width:3.4em;"></section><section style="margin-left:-20px;margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:6px;margin-right:33px;color:#222222;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-ms-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);"><p style="letter-spacing: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 250, 244);color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">仕途之腾达</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b0b0b;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 18px;">  高谷在42年官宧生涯中,历经永乐、洪熙、宣德、正统、景泰五朝,凭借深厚学识、端庄品行和老成持重之人格力量,勤勉履职,历练事体,渐增阅历,辅佐朝政,维护朝纲,从翰林庶吉士步步升迁到内阁次辅,被尊作“五朝元老”,可谓才情精进、事业稳健、仕途腾达。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  永乐三年(1405),他科举入仕后即被选为庶吉士,三年期满后授中书舍人;洪熙元年(1425),改任太子宫春坊司直郎,寻迁翰林侍讲;宣德九年(1434),守丧期满后,主考顺天府乡试;正统元年(1436),充任翰林侍读,成经筵,专为帝王讲读经学;正统三年(1438),与修《宣庙实录》,升侍读学士;正统十年(1445),擢任工部右侍郎,入阁参与机务;景泰元年(1450),升任工部尚书兼翰林院学士,执掌阁务如故;景泰二年(1451),赐少保、东阁大学士加太子太傅,享有双俸,代皇帝祭祀三陵;景泰七年(1456),与首辅陈循总裁编修《环宇通志》,晋谨身殿大学士兼东阁大学士。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  景泰八年(1457),高谷上书称病请辞,英宗阅书后对廷臣说:“高谷在内阁议迎驾及南内事,曾帮助朕。赐金帛袭衣,给驿舟以归。”恩准致仕后,复赐敕奖谕。天顺四年(1460),高谷在家乡兴化仙逝。成化元年(1465),朝廷追赠其为太保,谥号为“文义”。</span></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="28897"><section data-align="title" style="margin: 10px 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="background-color: rgb(243, 241, 232);border-radius: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex;align-items:flex-end;"><section style="width:3.4em;"></section><section style="margin-left:-20px;margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:6px;margin-right:33px;color:#222222;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-ms-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);"><p style="letter-spacing: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 250, 244);color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">诗书之秀逸</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b0b0b;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 18px;">  高谷学问渊博,经纶满腹,淹贯经史,工诗文,善书法,毕生著述丰赡。他著有《育斋文集》10卷(载《明史•艺文志》),并创作《诗集》17卷、《归田》3卷、《拾遗》1卷,皆付梓行世。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷的文章简质,文如其人。景泰赞其文学:“器识弘远,夙有誉望,蔚为名臣事。”明代学者朱国桢称誉:“所作自诸体外,其赠章皆曲艺卑秩处士文,绝不见有大富贵人酬应之篇,即此可见其为人矣。”</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷行书草书文弱秀润,今有行书横批一轴珍藏于兴化市博物馆;2009年《兴化历代名人书画选》收藏卷第一幅书法作品,即是高谷的草书书札。故此,明代文史家王世贞于《艺苑卮言》谓其书法“秀俊可爱”。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷诗歌温厚平和,淡泊清新,明白简易,具长者风范。他擅作写景韵物诗和题画诗,在993首留存诗中有280首属于此类。其代表性诗作有《昭阳十景》、《题雪景》和《游昭阳将军庙》,“昭阳一带望中微,翠巘苍崖映夕辉。”“薄云低远树,密雪满前山。”“孤城野水带斜曛,西望高原楚将坟。”皆为秀逸诗句。</span></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="28897"><section data-align="title" style="margin: 10px 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="background-color: rgb(243, 241, 232);border-radius: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex;align-items:flex-end;"><section style="width:3.4em;"></section><section style="margin-left:-20px;margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:6px;margin-right:33px;color:#222222;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-ms-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);"><p style="letter-spacing: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 250, 244);color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">声名之清正</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #0b0b0b;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 18px;">  高谷出道极早,为官久长,仕途顺风顺水,声名清正显赫,可谓永有终誉,盖因“淳谨廉洁,清慎端亮,恪持公论,孜孜为国,沉稳大度,处变不惊,进退有道,始终不渝”。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷的故事和品格,在岁月长河中积淀为独特的历史风景,其遗韵穿越古今。他做中书舍人时,曾奉命入寺写经,雨后赤脚而入,像个玩皮的孩童。有人说他有病,他回得波俏:“我的病是俗病,不写佛经的话,病会更严重啊。”言外之意就是写佛经能治世人俗病,可观其谐趣风雅。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷入阁,清廉正直,执守公道,且不避权要,遇事无偏私。景泰五年(1554)给谏林聪因忤重臣,被构罪廷讯,欲论重辟。高谷从南直隶视察灾情回都,闻讯竭力营救,独陈其冤,终使林聪获赦复官。景泰七年(1556)顺天乡试,首辅陈循因子未能中试,遂攻讦考官刘俨、黄谏阅卷不公。高谷受命复阅,力言考官无私,且仗义执言云:“贵胄与寒士争进,已不可,况不义命,欲因此构考官乎?”遂平息陈循猜忌争端。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷以荐贤任能、提掖后进为任事,先后两次主考顺天乡试,皆称得人;他并以此为疏主张内外诸司惟贤是用,先后荐用陈洵、吕原、杨鼎、王文、余皆鼎、商辂和彭时诸多才干精英。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷鄙浮华,乐俭素。为中书时,他曾奉旨往海印寺抄写佛经,遇雨辄褪靴卷裤,提袍赤足归,让同僚颇为惊叹;任侍读学士时,他每赴公宴总以布头剪成新花样补缀于破锦袍,以至众人笑他“高学士锦上添花”;位居台司,他也仅有敝庐瘠田而已,其故居“湫隘特甚”,无异民居。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷直面险境颇具大将风度,镇定自若,名震朝野。特别是他所处的正统、景泰两朝可谓多事之秋,在遭逢“土木之变”和“夺门之变”时,他都能泰然处之,携同僚助朝廷化险为夷,英宗为此赞其“忠厚长者,简静端方,廉平直亮,明于古今,卓然有大臣之风”,宪宗誉其“忠厚温明,安祥恪顺,莹然良玉”。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷致仕归乡后,杜门谢客,深居简出,谨言慎语,绝口不提景泰、天顺间的朝廷变故,只顾埋首于著诗文习书法之中。藉此便知,他为何能够历经五朝备受宠信、常青不倒、得以善终之缘由。</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  高谷辞世后,其故居门楼悬置“忠结主知”匾额,宅前跨街立有“益恭坊”牌坊。明代首辅李贤于《高谷墓志铭》深情写道:“谷公简重清介,与人无泛交,义之所在,勇于必言。虽违众不恤也,在位论荐,多号得人,可谓慥慥乎,笃实之君子矣。”</span></p><p style="line-height: 35px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: #0b0b0b;font-size: 18px;">  朗朗乾坤不老,昭昭日月生辉。生于斯长于斯终于斯的兴化阁老高谷,将永驻于楚水大地,激励着后辈奋进。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><section style="display: flex;justify-content: space-between;align-items:flex-end;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items:flex-end;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(106, 63, 9);border-top: 1px solid rgb(106, 63, 9);background-color: rgb(254, 251, 243);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section><section><section style="width: 8px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(106, 63, 9);border-top: 1px solid rgb(106, 63, 9);background-color: rgb(254, 251, 243);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section><section style="width: 10px;height: 8px;border-color: rgb(106, 63, 9);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(254, 251, 243);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="39518" style="margin-bottom: unset;"><section style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0px;"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="background-color:#fdf9f3;border-radius:50%;width:52px;height:52px;color:#9b4827;font-size:18px;text-align:center;line-height:52px;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-ms-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);"><p><strong>END</strong></p></section><section style="width:70px;margin-top:-10px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-ms-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);"></section></section></section></section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="28993" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="text-align: right;"><section style="width:2.2em;background-color:#fefefe;display:inline-block;margin-left:auto;"></section></section><section style="margin: -13px 0px 0px;border-color: rgb(70, 161, 191);border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;padding: 5px 25px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="letter-spacing: 2px;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-ms-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong>作者简介</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="28531" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin:10px 0px 20px;"><section style="margin: 0px 10px;border-color: rgb(138, 193, 199);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 15px;background-color: rgb(229, 241, 244);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;"></p><section style="margin:10px 0px 0px;color:#6090a5;"><p style="text-indent: 0em;text-align: justify;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体;color: #000000;"><br/></span></p><section style="text-indent: 0em;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="font-size: 17px;font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 征夫,虽供职金融,却偏爱文学;既痴迷棋局对弈,又狂恋体育赛况。近10余载,热衷于研读国学,勤勉于笔记感受,偶兴涂鸦杂感、散文和诗歌,无功利,无奢念,惟享受云尔。</span></section></section></section><section style="margin-top:-30px;display: flex;align-items:flex-end;"><section style="width: 95%;height: 1px;background-color: #8ac1c7;margin-left: auto;" data-width="95%"><br/></section><section style="width:2em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5897435897435898" data-type="png" data-w="39" style="display: block;height: auto !important;" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Ljib4So7yuWiaicjhsFYHfjrk7s2WV8doWj1hP3N39lC5fLDR7qeZaPCsysfdLu9dlNEWSwuAUQ3dByCwia4Wzeo9A/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p><p><br/></p><p><strong>荐稿:姚敬厚</strong></p><p><strong>编辑:吴勇胜</strong></p><p><strong>总编辑:陆碧波</strong></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//xinsubei.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_J63" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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