童骋 | 合体字钱 |7|福寿康宁 五谷丰登 家藏万卷 寿撼南山
<section style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 道家符箓，貌似合体字，但又不能看成是纯合体字，其与合体字有着千丝万缕的联系。道外之人只可从其组成的字符中，就能释读的字符来理解，可能会略解一二，但对其具有的道家法术则不甚了了。在古代花钱中，有些特殊字体的钱文（有的可能是合体字）确实难以辨认，如与宗教色彩的纹饰一起，也易使人误以为是符文。真是隔行如隔山。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 在《合体蕴美瑞 寓意颂吉庆》一文中，谈及了学习研究花钱中的合体字的起因；与此同时，拜读了《乐艺会》发表的余榴梁老师文章《有趣的联书吉语钱》（曾刊登于《香港钱币研究会》杂志，本文简称为“余文”），获益匪浅。由此开启了我对合体字花钱的学习研究，并将学习体会陆续在本公众号发表，求教于诸位。本文作为合体字花钱赏析的最后一篇，就来介绍一下我所了解的余文中此类花钱的相关情况。 </p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 12px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;width: 43%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30px;margin-top: 0.5px;background-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8064516129032258" data-s="300,640" data-w="31" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto !important;" width="100%" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/0AbW4p4mibG92Cl6ccibGj1D1KrLkNc7cIFmR0EYfxCx2EMOMAEYRoOicibNcPJcRkSRV0FViaE8OJd2KhWTsiciaoa3A/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 43%;margin-top: 12px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> 首先来欣赏余老师文中所列举具有的合体字（联书）文字花钱。</p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图1 余文原图，联书吉语大花钱，郭宜龄（致谢苏泉泉友！）藏品。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图2 余文原图，为上海朵云轩拍卖会（2013.7）第2963号拍品道教太一尊神大花钱，附有孙仲汇先生的批语，是龚心铭先生旧藏。《钦定钱录》对此枚符印钱的评注为“右符印钱，晋孙思邈作‘入山符’，文略仿佛。背文为星官，又一人跪而供花，随以一鹤”。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图3 余文原图，马定祥先生自制藏品拓片资料。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 12px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;width: 43%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30px;margin-top: 0.5px;background-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8064516129032258" data-s="300,640" data-w="31" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto !important;" width="100%" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/0AbW4p4mibG92Cl6ccibGj1D1KrLkNc7cIFmR0EYfxCx2EMOMAEYRoOicibNcPJcRkSRV0FViaE8OJd2KhWTsiciaoa3A/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 43%;margin-top: 12px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 接着欣赏其他藏家对此类花钱的欣赏。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1、在布威纳旧藏中国花钱中</strong>，有一枚类似的花钱：</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图4 布威纳旧藏中国花钱之一，其标注为：福寿康宁方穿花钱，背人物，明朝铸造，体大（77.8*2.6mm），极美，极罕。2023-04-13拍卖成交价格为 HKD 24000。（图片源于首席收藏网，诚致谢意！）</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2、上海泓盛2019年春拍-古钱</strong>拍品之一：</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图5 拍品标注为：宋“仙人瑞兽”背“符文”大型花钱一枚，直径为69.4mm。拍品估价为 RMB 40000，流拍。（图片源于首席收藏网，诚致谢意！）</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3、西泠印社2021年春季拍卖会-中国历代钱币专场</strong>拍品之一</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图6 拍品标注为：宋·麻姑献寿背符文花钱，直径为80mm。2021-07-23拍卖成交价RMB: 322,000(含佣金)。（图片源于西泠印社拍卖网，诚致谢意！）</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4、《中国钱币大辞典·压胜钱编》</strong>中有两幅此类文字的拓片（向该书作者致谢！）：</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图7 书图1870，宗教钱。符文篆·背北斗星宿·蟾蜍·青蛇·剑。宋元铸，65.5*3mm。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us">图8 书图1871，宗教钱。符文篆·背星官·香花供养。道教符文，笔画屈曲不辨，《钱录》载晋孙思邈作入山符文。背有松鹤，一女子手捧瓷瓶，内插盛开莲花，敬献星官，意为香花供养。宋元铸，74*3mm。</p><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 12px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;width: 43%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30px;margin-top: 0.5px;background-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8064516129032258" data-s="300,640" data-w="31" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto !important;" width="100%" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/0AbW4p4mibG92Cl6ccibGj1D1KrLkNc7cIFmR0EYfxCx2EMOMAEYRoOicibNcPJcRkSRV0FViaE8OJd2KhWTsiciaoa3A/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 43%;margin-top: 12px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图9 四则合体字钱文面</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 综上所述，对此类花钱的四个字符有不同的见解：一是认为其为晋孙思邈所书的入山符；二是吉语“福寿康宁”；三是简称为符文，未指明用途。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 对此，余榴梁老师进行了深入仔细的探究，道门问道长、泉海寻泉文，终于确认该“符文”不是入山符、也不是真正意义上的符文，而是吉语合体字，并对该合体字“符文”进行了成功的破译。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 由余文得知，《安徽金融研究》1989年增刊第四期张振才发文，不赞成此钱为符文钱，并研究认为钱穿右的“符文”实际上是篆书的“寿撼南山”的合体字。1990年的《安徽金融研究》章安庆发文，其续考了其他三个篆书合体字，穿左的为“家藏万卷”、穿上的为“福寿康宁”和穿下的为“五谷丰登”。至此，四则合体字均有解，如图10所示。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us">图10 余文原图，四则合体字所表示的吉语为：福寿康宁、五谷丰登、家藏万卷、寿撼南山。</p><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 12px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;width: 43%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30px;margin-top: 0.5px;background-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8064516129032258" data-s="300,640" data-w="31" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto !important;" width="100%" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/0AbW4p4mibG92Cl6ccibGj1D1KrLkNc7cIFmR0EYfxCx2EMOMAEYRoOicibNcPJcRkSRV0FViaE8OJd2KhWTsiciaoa3A/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 43%;margin-top: 12px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> 与此同时，余文还指出，四则合体字的解读，有利于对背面图纹的进一步释读。通过对图纹的进一步解读，可以看出其同样隐寓着四句吉语：“指日高升”、“松鹤延年”、“连生贵子”和“天官赐福”等。钱文不是符文，而是吉语；图纹虽可看成是星官赐福、或香花供养、或童子拜寿等，但其全方位蕴含吉意。由此可见，这不是一枚严格意义上的宗教钱，而是一枚吉语钱，或是具有宗教色彩的吉语钱。 </p><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 12px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;width: 43%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30px;margin-top: 0.5px;background-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8064516129032258" data-s="300,640" data-w="31" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto !important;" width="100%" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/0AbW4p4mibG92Cl6ccibGj1D1KrLkNc7cIFmR0EYfxCx2EMOMAEYRoOicibNcPJcRkSRV0FViaE8OJd2KhWTsiciaoa3A/640?wx_fmt=png"/></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 43%;margin-top: 12px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 164, 30);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 作为合体字花钱赏析的结尾，我们来欣赏一枚为余榴梁老师80岁贺寿而制作的合体字寿钱：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p></section><section style="line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图10 现代寿庆花钱。天长地久 金玉满堂 / 吉祥如意 万泉通神 惟德润身。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 该枚寿庆花钱正面用四个合体字青气万丈山水土多年来表示“天长地久”（详解见本公号文章《中华民俗 天长地久》）。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p></section><section style="line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>编辑：吴勇胜<br/></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>总编辑：陆碧波</strong></p></section></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="10000"></mp-style-type></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//xinsubei.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_cvD" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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