童骋 | 四大名马“骓騧骢駮”欣赏
<p><span style="font-size: 17px; text-align: justify;"> 唐·郤昂《岐邠泾宁四州八马坊颂碑》中列数名马，其中有：“项王之骓，符主之騧，桓氏之骢，晋侯之駮，魏公絶影，唐国骕骦，刘之的颅，吕之赤兔”。这八匹与主人相连的名马，在马钱中均有所表：前四匹为一组，均有将马钱表现；后四匹名马，均有马钱单独表现。</span><br/></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 本平台在以前的相关讨论中，总是将“项王之骓，符主之騧，桓氏之骢，晋侯之駮”作为一组名马将马钱予以讨论，均言“未见晋侯之駮”。今天（10.30），在泉友的支持下，终于见到了“晋侯之駮”的照片，四大名马“骓騧骢駮”终于相聚了。本文拟对之作一初步欣赏。</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 12px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;width: 43%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30px;margin-top: 0.5px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8064516" data-w="31" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/0AbW4p4mibG92Cl6ccibGj1D1KrLkNc7cIFmR0EYfxCx2EMOMAEYRoOicibNcPJcRkSRV0FViaE8OJd2KhWTsiciaoa3A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"/></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 43%;margin-top: 12px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;padding: 10px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);margin: 0px -7px 0px 0px;z-index: auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 骓zhuī</strong>，是指毛色苍白相杂的马。《汉书·项籍传》说骏马名骓，表明骓马是顶级宝马。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 项王之骓，表现的典故为“项别骓”。《史记·项羽本纪》：“项王 则夜起，饮帐中。有美人名 虞，常幸从；骏马名騅、常骑之。於是 项王 乃悲歌忼慨，自为诗曰：‘力拔山兮气盖世，时不利兮騅不逝。騅不逝兮可奈何，虞 兮 虞 兮奈若何！’”</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;padding: 10px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);margin: 0px -7px 0px 0px;z-index: auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 騧guā</strong>，黑嘴的黄马。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 符主之騧，表现的典故为“马有垂缰之义”。南朝·宋·刘敬叔《异苑》：“苻坚为慕容冲所袭，坚驰騧马，堕而落润，追兵几及，计无由出。马即踟蹰临涧，垂鞍与坚，坚不能及。马又跪而受焉，坚援之得登岸而走庐江。”</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;padding: 10px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);margin: 0px -7px 0px 0px;z-index: auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">骢cōng</strong>，马的毛色为青毛与白毛相间；为淡青色的马；如今又称之为菊花青马。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 桓氏之骢，表现的典故是“桓典乘骢”。《后汉书》卷三十七《桓荣传》附《桓典传》： 辟司徒袁隗府，举高第，拜侍御史。是时，宦官秉权，典执政无所回避。常乘骢马，京师畏惮，为之语曰:行行且止，避骢马御史。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;padding: 10px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);margin: 0px -7px 0px 0px;z-index: auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 12px;border-color: rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgb(224, 64, 45) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);overflow: hidden;flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 12px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 駮bó</strong>，传说中的一种形似马而能吃虎豹的野兽。指毛色不纯的马，有红白杂毛、黄白杂合、白黑杂合等。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 晋侯之駮，表现的典故可能是“晋平公出畋”。《说苑》卷十八《辨物》：晋平公出畋，见乳虎伏而不动，顾谓师旷曰：吾闻之也，霸王之主出，则猛兽伏不敢起。今者寡人出，见乳虎伏而不动，此其猛兽乎?师旷曰：鹊食猬，猬食鵔鸃，鵔鸃食豹，豹食駮，駮食虎；夫駮之状有似駮马，今者君之出必骖駮马而出畋乎?公曰：然。师旷曰：臣闻之，一自诬者穷，再自诬者辱，三自诬者死。今夫虎所以不动者，为駮马也，固非主君之德义也，君奈何一自诬乎?</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 12px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;float: left;width: 43%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 30px;margin-top: 0.5px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8064516" data-w="31" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/0AbW4p4mibG92Cl6ccibGj1D1KrLkNc7cIFmR0EYfxCx2EMOMAEYRoOicibNcPJcRkSRV0FViaE8OJd2KhWTsiciaoa3A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"/></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 43%;margin-top: 12px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 从上面四枚将马钱可以看出：一是形制相同，均为圆形方穿，单缘单郭，宽缘；二是均为宋代始铸；三是正面文字均为楷书旋读；四是将马图相似，马前进的方向两右两左，骑马将士一手牵缰、一手持械（各自所持不同）。是套子钱的可能性较大。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">【图片源于华夏古泉网和泉友，诚致谢意！特别感谢泉友寒鸿轩、嘉树】</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>编辑：吴勇胜<br/></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>总编辑：陆碧波</strong></p></section></section><link rel="stylesheet" href="//xinsubei.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_P6E" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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