明孝陵里藏着多少秘密？
<p style="line-height: 2em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px;">自古以来，</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">紫金山就因“钟阜龙蟠，石头虎踞”，</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">被喻为“帝王将相之宅”。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: normal;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: right;">张健 摄</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">巍巍钟山内，</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">长眠了不少帝王将相骨。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">明代孝陵，</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">目前南京唯一的世界文化遗产，</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">向世界展示着明清皇家第一陵的风范。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">梅宁 摄</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">明孝陵里</span></strong></span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong>究竟藏了哪些</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65);font-size: 16px;"><strong>秘密</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong>？</strong></span></p><p style="line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">○</span>感谢明孝陵博物馆研究部主任王韦为本文提供史料</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="91641" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width:100%;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;" data-width="100%"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="width:100%;display:flex;display:-webkit-flex;" data-width="100%"><section style="width:35px;background-color:rgb(254,254,254);margin-right:-35px;margin-top:-10px;"><section style="width: 30px; text-align: center;"></section></section><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="padding-left: 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-right: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="100%"></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;margin-top: -11px;box-sizing: border-box;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">神道为什么弯弯曲曲？</span></strong></section><section style="display:flex;display:-webkiy-flex;margin-top:-5px;margin-left:10px;"><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="height: 10px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width:30px;margin-left:-30px;background-color:rgb(254,254,254);margin-top: -3px;"><section style="width: 30px;height: 10px;margin-top: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><br/></section><p></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">明孝陵神道以望柱分隔为两段，以现在的称呼，第一段称“石象路”，第二段为“翁仲路”。（详戳</span><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5MTczODg0MA==&mid=2649404979&idx=1&sn=101dd87328250fc0048880e923eb6272&chksm=beaee88489d9619251ffd08656f2abf450040e106ee7a5524c7870e159a66b6c8e91c4343642&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 14px;">最美600米！“石象路”or“石像路”？</span></a><span style="font-size: 14px;">）</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">神道的东段路两旁依次排列着<strong>狮子、獬豸、骆驼、象、麒麟、马</strong>6种石兽，每种两对，共12对24件，每种两跪两立，夹道迎侍。除了神兽，神道旁还有矗立<strong>文臣武将</strong>。</span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="93157" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: space-around;align-items: flex-start;"><section style="width: 46%; color: rgb(63, 62, 63); text-align: center;" data-width="46%"><section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 3em;height:1px;background:#3f3e3f;"></section></section><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 10px;margin-top: 3px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">许特显 摄</span><br/></section></section><section style="width:10px;"></section><section style="width: 55%; text-align: center;" data-width="55%"></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="text-align: right;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">去过的人会发现，明孝陵的神道是弯弯曲曲的，跟其他皇陵神道以统一南北中轴线笔直构建的方法完全不同。</span><strong style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">为什么要这么建呢？</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></strong></span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85538" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 5em;height: 5em;border-radius: 50%;float: left;padding: 12px 5px;margin-right: 10px;border-color: rgb(157, 180, 194);color: rgb(254, 254, 254);background-color: rgb(157, 180, 194);"><p style="line-height: 1.5em;text-align: center;border-color: rgb(157, 180, 194);color: inherit;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="border-color: rgb(157, 180, 194);color: inherit;"></span><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">“依照地形”说</span></strong><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="border-color: #9DB4C2;color: inherit;font-size: 14px;"></span></p></section><section class="135brush" data-style="clear: none; line-height: 1.75em;" style="font-size:14px;"><p style="clear: none;color: inherit;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">朱元璋从一个横笛牛背的牧童、小行僧，开天辟地成为开国皇帝，行事多不拘泥于旧法，在陵寝设计方面也多有革新之举。“为了达到人工建设与自然形势的完美结合，神道完全依山势作迴转曲折的布置。”暗合其曲折人生的经历。</span></p></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85538" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 5em;height: 5em;border-radius: 50%;float: left;padding: 12px 5px;margin-right: 10px;border-color: #9db4c2;color: #fefefe;background-color: #9db4c2;"><p style="line-height: 1.5em;text-align: center;border-color: #9db4c2;color: inherit;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="border-color: rgb(157, 180, 194);color: inherit;"></span><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">“北斗七星”说</span></strong><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="border-color: #9db4c2;color: inherit;font-size: 14px;"></span></p></section><section class="135brush" data-style="clear: none; line-height: 1.75em;" style="font-size:14px;"><p style="clear: none;color: inherit;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(127, 127, 127);font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">航拍时专家发现，整个孝陵的布局是北斗七星形状。<strong>下马坊、大金门、望柱、棂星门、金水桥构成了北斗七星的勺头。</strong>采用象征手法，以北斗作总体规划，追求天地相融、天人合一。因此，朱元璋将孝陵主要建筑按照北斗七星的排列布局，从而使表现“斗身”的神道围绕孙陵岗环行呈“ㄈ”状。</span></p></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="93155" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;display: flex;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start;" data-width="100%"><section style="width: 70%; text-align: center;" data-width="70%"><img class="" data-ratio="1.5" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YZf1n4qCriaS1wsib9OqMicvuibNh1HibzywBu8UObjNrl1cDscoHJ5icRiaGs5JpzhsKdGwPdeiahkLqBW8jMvzHWqU3A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1000" data-width="100%" style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;display: block;" title="undefined"/></section><section style="width: 20px;"></section><section style="width: 100%;text-align: center;" data-width="100%"><img class="" data-ratio="0.665" src="https://xinsubei.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YZf1n4qCriaS1wsib9OqMicvuibNh1HibzywBETD8ichOPPHONCrZQQFEoOJHJVDklT3smTVQQx7ibQXNCEwQ1DxicQDdg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1000" data-width="100%" style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;display: block;" title="undefined"/><p><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;text-align: right;"> @八月水牯牛 摄</span></p></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="91641" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width:100%;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;" data-width="100%"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="width:100%;display:flex;display:-webkit-flex;" data-width="100%"><section style="width:35px;background-color:rgb(254,254,254);margin-right:-35px;margin-top:-10px;"><section style="width: 30px; text-align: center;"></section></section><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="padding-left: 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-right: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="100%"></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;margin-top: -11px;box-sizing: border-box;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">下马坊为何东西向而建？</span></strong></section><section style="display:flex;display:-webkiy-flex;margin-top:-5px;margin-left:10px;"><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="height: 10px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width:30px;margin-left:-30px;background-color:rgb(254,254,254);margin-top: -3px;"><section style="width: 30px;height: 10px;margin-top: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">位于卫岗东麓，有一间两柱冲天式石造牌坊，这便是明代谒陵的必经之地——下马坊。坊面额上两面横刻“诸司官员下马”楷书六个大字。洪武二十六年（1393）朝廷下令：“车马过陵，及守陵官民入陵者，百步外下马，违者以大不敬论。”</span><br/></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">令人困惑的是，大金门是北南朝向，下马坊却为东西向，</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong>为什么不同向而建？</strong></span></p><p></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding-right: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin: -25px 0%;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 80px;height: 60px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 167, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-radius: 100%;border-color: white;width: 2em;height: 2em;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;font-size: 23px;line-height: 1.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">雨</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;text-align: right;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: right;">@八月水牯牛 摄</span></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: right;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">从下马坊双面均刻有“诸司官员下马”且前后完全对称的形制推测，当初仅为警示标志，以便于不同方向的谒陵者很远便能望见，及早做好下马准备，</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong>并非必须穿过的通道，所以建筑不分正反</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。后来因为神烈山碑、禁约碑的竖立，才让后人产生了必须由东向西穿过谒陵的误解。</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: right;"><br/></span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="91641" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width:100%;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;" data-width="100%"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="width:100%;display:flex;display:-webkit-flex;" data-width="100%"><section style="width:35px;background-color:#fefefe;margin-right:-35px;margin-top:-10px;"><section style="width: 30px; text-align: center;"></section></section><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="padding-left: 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-right: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="100%"></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;margin-top: -11px;box-sizing: border-box;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">南京地区体量最大的一块古碑到底有多大？</span></strong></section><section style="display:flex;display:-webkiy-flex;margin-top:-5px;margin-left:10px;"><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="height: 10px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width:30px;margin-left:-30px;background-color:#fefefe;margin-top: -3px;"><section style="width: 30px;height: 10px;margin-top: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">从大金门向北走约70米，有一座碑楼，全称是“</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong>大明孝陵神功圣德碑碑亭</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">”，坐北朝南，通高8．78米、宽2．26米、厚0．80米，是南京地区体量最大的一块古碑。因清代即已无顶，民间俗称“四方城”。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">“大明孝陵神功圣德碑”碑文出自朱棣亲撰，长达2746字，除去歌功颂德之词，记述了朱元璋起兵夺取天下的经过，及开国后的施政措施等。</span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="93539" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 98%;vertical-align: top;border-color: #777a7a;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;padding: 10px 15px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="98%"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -25px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(16px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(16px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(16px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(16px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: top;background-color: #ffffff;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="40%"><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;"><section style="width:10px;height:10px;background:black;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75em;color:#3f3f3f;letter-spacing: 1.5px;" class="135brush"><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;">不过，这块大体量的碑还不是朱棣属意之物，他最初相中石料是<strong>今江宁汤山镇西北的阳山碑材</strong>。为此，朱棣不惜动用万余名工匠开山凿石，欲成绝世巨碑。</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;">民间流传，当时规定每个石匠每天需交石屑三斗三升，因此而死伤的工匠不计其数，以致于今日附近尚存“坟头村”地名。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;">阳山碑材是个没有完工的半成品，有碑座、碑额、碑身三部分，如果组装起来，总高度将达75米，重达2.6万多吨，可惜最后烂尾了。<img src="https://res.wx.qq.com/mpres/htmledition/images/icon/common/emotion_panel/smiley/smiley_64.png" data-ratio="1" data-w="20" style="display:inline-block;width:20px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"/></span></p></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: 20px 0% -25px;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-16px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-16px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-16px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-16px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: top;background-color: #ffffff;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="40%"><section style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width:10px;height:10px;background:black;"><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: normal;"></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">毛劲松 摄</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span><br/></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="91641" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width:100%;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;" data-width="100%"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="width:100%;display:flex;display:-webkit-flex;" data-width="100%"><section style="width:35px;background-color:#fefefe;margin-right:-35px;margin-top:-10px;"><section style="width: 30px; text-align: center;"></section></section><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="padding-left: 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-right: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="100%"></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;margin-top: -11px;box-sizing: border-box;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">明孝陵的风水宝地原先是有主的？</span></strong></section><section style="display:flex;display:-webkiy-flex;margin-top:-5px;margin-left:10px;"><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="height: 10px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width:30px;margin-left:-30px;background-color:#fefefe;margin-top: -3px;"><section style="width: 30px;height: 10px;margin-top: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">明孝陵与明故宫一墙之隔，明朝以前是墓葬寺庙集中区域。明孝陵宝顶所在的独龙阜，是钟山南麓的一个山丘，高约70米，直径达300多米，如同一座巨大的天然坟茔。</span><br/></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">对照风水学说来看，钟山三峰构成“三台”之势，周围群山环绕，正是朱元璋君臣眼中的“真龙”。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: normal;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: right;">许宁 摄</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">“砂”是与主龙相伴的小山，尤指穴场周围层层环绕的山体。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong>砂的作用是挡风，使墓穴或居处的生气凝聚，不致散去。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">同时，“砂”又可以为“龙”增势，使龙发福，锦上添花。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="91796" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50px;height: 50px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(226, 58, 58);border-left: 1px dashed rgb(226, 58, 58);border-right: none;border-bottom: none;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding: 15px 10px 30px;border-radius: 15px;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 99%;margin: -55px auto -30px;transform: translateZ(10px);" data-width="99%"><section style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;line-height: 25px;color: rgb(70, 70, 70);word-break: break-word;text-align: justify;" class="135brush"><p style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: medium;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">从明孝陵墓穴所在的独龙阜向北看，作为祖山龙脉的钟山山脉呈弧形，弧口朝南，往山势缓缓下降至独龙阜，此为“</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>玄武低头</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">”。</span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: medium;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: medium;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">独龙阜东北山中有水流出，分为三支御河，分别自方城明楼前、文武方门前、石象路起首处的御河桥下流过，蜿蜒盘旋，都汇入独龙阜西南的前湖之中，此为“</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>朱雀翔舞</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">”。</span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: medium;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: medium;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">独龙阜之东，钟山山脉往南延伸为各座小山，绵延不断，此为“</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>青龙蜿蜒</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">”。</span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: medium;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: medium;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">独龙阜之西，有一条山脊，地势低于独龙阜，此为“</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong>白虎驯頫</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">”。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="width: 60px;float: right;"><section style="width: 60px; text-align: center;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">所以说，明孝陵墓穴独龙阜可谓藏风聚气，四象俱佳。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="text-align: right;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">@八月水牯牛 摄</span><span style="text-align: right;"></span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2002年，考古专家在明孝陵陵宫东侧发现了一处建筑遗存，当时清理出数块具有六朝风格的建筑石刻构件。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">根据勘测，这处遗存可能就是梁武帝为宝志和尚建造的江南名刹开善寺，这为迁寺建陵的文献记载提供了考古学的依据。但从风水学的角度说一地只旺一人，朱元璋将宝志禅师的墓迁走，自己葬在这里。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="91641" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width:100%;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;" data-width="100%"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="width:100%;display:flex;display:-webkit-flex;" data-width="100%"><section style="width:35px;background-color:#fefefe;margin-right:-35px;margin-top:-10px;"><section style="width: 30px; text-align: center;"></section></section><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="padding-left: 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-right: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="100%"></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;margin-top: -11px;box-sizing: border-box;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">朱元璋有没有葬在地宫内？</span></strong></section><section style="display:flex;display:-webkiy-flex;margin-top:-5px;margin-left:10px;"><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="height: 10px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width:30px;margin-left:-30px;background-color:#fefefe;margin-top: -3px;"><section style="width: 30px;height: 10px;margin-top: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">传说，朱元璋下葬时搞了一个“迷魂阵”。当天十三城门同时出棺，没人知道哪一个是真正的棺椁所在。</span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88179" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;" data-width="100%"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding-left: 16px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="100%"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px dashed rgb(160, 160, 160);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="100%"><section class="135brush" style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;"><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">南京过去也有个民谣：“南京有三怪，龙潭的姑娘像老太，萝卜当作小菜卖，十三个城门抬棺材。”随后不久就有流言传出朱元璋真身独葬在城西的朝天宫内。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;"><span style="text-align: right;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">@八月水牯牛 摄</span><span style="text-align: right;"></span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">关于这个问题目前还没有明确的说法。但不少文史专家认为，明孝陵的建设在朱元璋死前就已经亲自督建，整个皇陵建造了十几年，耗费的人力物力都是惊人的。而且他对马皇后感情至深，在她去世后再没册立皇后，所以朱元璋一定会与其合葬。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: right;">@八月水牯牛 摄</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: right;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">还有专家认为，朱棣继位后，特意为父亲在明孝陵竖碑年年祭扫。而且后来的明朝皇帝一直以南京的紫金山为明朝龙脉所在，嘉靖皇帝曾将紫金山改名为“神烈山”，崇祯皇帝还竖立禁止在紫金山采伐、动土的“禁约碑</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">”</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;"><span style="text-align: right;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">@八月水牯牛 摄</span><span style="text-align: right;"></span></p><p style="text-align: right;line-height: normal;"><span style="text-align: right;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">这些都表明明孝陵的确是朱元璋的陵寝所在。另外，据多年来朝天宫、明故宫等区域的考古发掘，并未发现过疑似朱元璋墓的大型明代墓葬。</span><br/></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="91641" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width:100%;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;" data-width="100%"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="width:100%;display:flex;display:-webkit-flex;" data-width="100%"><section style="width:35px;background-color:#fefefe;margin-right:-35px;margin-top:-10px;"><section style="width: 30px; text-align: center;"></section></section><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="padding-left: 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-right: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="100%"></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;margin-top: -11px;box-sizing: border-box;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">为什么孙权墓也在明孝陵内？</span></strong></section><section style="display:flex;display:-webkiy-flex;margin-top:-5px;margin-left:10px;"><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="height: 10px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width:30px;margin-left:-30px;background-color:#fefefe;margin-top: -3px;"><section style="width: 30px;height: 10px;margin-top: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">明孝陵毗邻的梅花山，昔日叫孙陵岗，是三国东吴大帝孙权长眠的地方。很多人也会奇怪</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong>为什么一山能容二帝？</strong></span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong><br/></strong></span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">其实明代建孝陵时，有人提议把它铲平。朱元璋没同意，他认为孙权是条好汉，可以留着给自己看大门。因此孙陵岗被保留下来，而神道也因为孙陵岗而弯曲。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">@八月水牯牛 摄</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">另一层原因是，明代帝王陵寝的营造深受风水学的影响，其中很重要的一条就是“</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(214, 168, 65);"><strong>远朝近案</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">”。就是说，陵前需要一座孤耸秀丽的小山，作为“案山”（即梅花山）。而神道必须处于“案山”与陵宫区之间，所以保留了孙陵岗。</span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="91641" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width:100%;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;" data-width="100%"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="width:100%;display:flex;display:-webkit-flex;" data-width="100%"><section style="width:35px;background-color:#fefefe;margin-right:-35px;margin-top:-10px;"><section style="width: 30px; text-align: center;"></section></section><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="padding-left: 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-right: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="100%"></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;margin-top: -11px;box-sizing: border-box;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">神道边的树为什么差异这么大？</span></strong></section><section style="display:flex;display:-webkiy-flex;margin-top:-5px;margin-left:10px;"><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="height: 10px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width:30px;margin-left:-30px;background-color:#fefefe;margin-top: -3px;"><section style="width: 30px;height: 10px;margin-top: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">20年代前，石象路还是光秃秃的，风一吹就满天黄沙。1929年初，陵园主任技师傅焕光及陈宗一勘定明孝陵、梅花山和前湖一带土地3000亩作为园址，建造植物园。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">梅花山200亩范围内的民房、坟墓遂迁出，成为植物园的蔷薇花木区，大量成片栽植梅花，以及榆叶梅、黄刺梅、樱花、桃花、木瓜、海棠等。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10px;"></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: right;">@八月水牯牛 摄</span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="85596" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px;"><section style="border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-decoration: inherit;border-color: #e1c3a8;display: inline-block;height: 8px;width: 8px;margin-left: -2px;color: #674323;background-color: #e1c3a8;"></section><section style="margin-top: -10px;line-height: 1.75em;color: inherit;"><section class="135brush" data-style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing:border-box;padding: 10px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-top-color: #e1c3a8;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;border-right-color: #e1c3a8;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: #e1c3a8;width: 100%;color: inherit;" data-width="100%"><p style="color: inherit;"><span style="color:inherit;font-size:14px;"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">石象路以南120亩被辟为西果园，种植桃、梅、李、杏、苹果、葡萄等。另有50亩作为蔬圃，以种植西瓜、百合、草莓为主。</span><span style="color:inherit;font-size:14px;"></span></p></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.75em;color: inherit;"><section class="135brush" data-style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing:border-box;padding: 10px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-top-color: #e1c3a8;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;border-left-color: #e1c3a8;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: #e1c3a8;width: 100%;color: inherit;" data-width="100%"><p style="color: inherit;"><span style="color:inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">石象路以北、梅花山以东80亩被辟为花圃，种植各处收集而来的牡丹、芍药、菊花、月季、大丽菊、唐菖蒲、风信子等，并于三十年代先后建成温室两座。</span><span style="color:inherit;"></span></p></section></section><section style="color: inherit;"><section style="margin-top: -5px;float: right;border-radius: 100%;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;text-decoration: inherit;border-color: #e1c3a8;display: inline-block;height: 8px;width: 8px;color: #674323;background-color: #e1c3a8;"></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: normal;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">毛劲松 摄 </span></p><p></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-size:16px;font-family:微软雅黑;"><section class="_135editor" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="91641" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width:100%;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;" data-width="100%"><section style="display:inline-block;"><section style="width:100%;display:flex;display:-webkit-flex;" data-width="100%"><section style="width:35px;background-color:#fefefe;margin-right:-35px;margin-top:-10px;"><section style="width: 30px; text-align: center;"></section></section><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="padding-left: 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;border-top: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-right: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;" data-width="100%"></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;margin-top: -11px;box-sizing: border-box;" class="135brush" data-brushtype="text"><strong><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;">殉葬嫔妃葬于何处？</span></strong></section><section style="display:flex;display:-webkiy-flex;margin-top:-5px;margin-left:10px;"><section style="width:100%;" data-width="100%"><section style="height: 10px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width:30px;margin-left:-30px;background-color:#fefefe;margin-top: -3px;"><section style="width: 30px;height: 10px;margin-top: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">朱元璋死时，殉葬嫔妃达38人，还有两座墓葬可能是高等级自然死亡的妃嫔历史没有任何记载。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: normal;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: right;">@八月水牯牛 摄</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1937年在孝陵东侧紫霞湖旁边发现一座明代古墓，墓高3米，分内外二室，但室内空无一物。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1976年在孝陵西侧山麓，发现一座明代砖砌骨灰墓葬，出土的金首饰中有一印有“匠作局”的金镯。怀疑属于朱元璋去世的的成穆贵妃孙氏、淑妃孙氏。但在没有更多证据出土之前，殉葬嫔妃葬身地依然是一个谜团。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;"></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: right;">@八月水牯牛 摄</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">永乐九年（1411）正月，朱棣命人按大祀坛南天门的规制建孝陵门。孝陵门即今天的大金门，是当时正式进入陵园的第一道大门。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: normal;"></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; white-space: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;">毛劲松 摄</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">金水桥是直通陵宫的桥梁，桥身为石构单曲拱桥样式，桥身起券，两侧有散水螭首和护栏望柱。桥面栏杆是后配的，桥身和两岸的石堤则是原有的。自御河桥到方城宝顶，建筑物开始按南北中轴线设置，方向不再改变。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: normal;"></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">毛劲松 摄</span></p><p style="text-align: right;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">文武方门是1998年重修陵宫门时特意制匾挂上的，且“文武方门”这个名称在其他帝王陵寝建筑中未见提及，唯有明孝陵存此一说。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">明代文武方门毁于晚清战火，后改建为一个门洞，上嵌青石门额，阴刻楷书“明孝陵”，这三个字由曾国藩之弟曾国荃所书，后因恢复明代形制，此匾额今保存在明孝陵博物馆内。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;line-height: normal;"></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">许特显 摄</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: right;line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">神道向北的尽头是棂星门，“棂星”即灵星，又名天田星，为天门之象。在古代，皇宫被比作天宫，入灵星门就是入天门，因此，灵星门被广泛用于宫室、坛庙。明孝陵的棂星门是保护性复原后的。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br/></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>来源：南京发布<br/></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>编辑：吴勇胜<br/></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>总编辑：陆碧波</strong></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//xinsubei.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_P6E" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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